<p>Many studies have reported that camel milk has potential therapeutic properties such as antidiabetic, wound healing in diabetic patients, hepatitis C infection curing, treatment of autism, hypoallergenic effect, and antihypertensive.</p> <p>According to Scince Dirrect</p> <p>It has also been proven as a good alternative for people with cow milk allergy and as a therapeutic agent to reduce the harmful effects of exposure to toxins. Most of these properties are attributed to the unique characteristics of camel milk proteins, especially whey protein. Therefore in this chapter, the health-promoting activities of camel milk and their protein hydrolysates as well as their potential as an alternative for people with cow milk allergy was discussed.</p> <p><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012809762500036X">original Article</a></p>

<p>he camel is an important component of Indian fragile desert ecosystem, a proven icon of adaptation with its unique bio-physiological characteristics with formidable ways of living in harsh situations of arid and semi-arid regions.&nbsp;</p> <p>According to emerlad insight</p> <p>The proverbial&nbsp;<em>Ship of Desert</em>&nbsp;earned its epithet on account of its indispensability as a mode of transportation and draught ability in desert. However, its efficient utilities are subject to continuous social and economic changes. The camel has also played a significant role in civil law and order, defense and battles from the ancient times till date.</p> <p>The Food and Agriculture Organization (<a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/NFS-07-2015-0085/full/html#b20" title="">FAO, 2008</a>)&nbsp;estimates the total population of camels in the world today to be 22 million, of which 89 per cent are one-humped dromedary (<em>Camelus dromedarius</em>) camels and the remaining 11 per cent are the two-humped Bactrian (<em>Camelus bactrianus</em>) generally found in the cold deserts of Asia. In India, the total camels contribute around 0.08 per cent of the livestock population. The total population of camels in the country as per 2012 census is 0.4 million (<a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/NFS-07-2015-0085/full/html#b11" title="">DAHDF, 2014</a>).&nbsp;Camel population has decreased by 22.48 per cent over the previous census and is distributed mainly in Rajasthan, some parts of Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab and few in rest of the states. The camel has many unique qualities to survive and serve under harsh climate and utilize low-quality feed resources, which other species cannot consume. In fact, the camels are the lifeline of rural population in remote villages in the present era also. Traditionally, camel was mainly utilized as a draught animal in agricultural and transport works, but due to mechanization of farm operations and transportation, the use of this animal for this purpose has been reduced drastically. Therefore, to sustain the camel population in these areas, the camel husbandry practices are aimed toward promotion of camel as milch animal.</p> <p>Camel milk has an important role in human nutrition in the hot and arid regions of the world. This milk contains all the essential nutrients as found in other milk. Fresh and fermented camel milk has been used in different regions in the world including India, Russia and Sudan for human consumption and for treatment of a series of diseases such as dropsy, jaundice, tuberculosis, asthma and leishmaniasis or kala-azar (<a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/NFS-07-2015-0085/full/html#b1" title="">Abdelgadir&nbsp;<em>et al.</em>, 1998</a>).&nbsp;Recently, camel milk and its components were also reported to have other potential therapeutic properties such as anti-carcinogenic (<a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/NFS-07-2015-0085/full/html#b29" title="">Magjeed, 2005</a>;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/NFS-07-2015-0085/full/html#b21" title="">Habib&nbsp;<em>et al.</em>, 2013</a>),&nbsp;anti-diabetic (<a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/NFS-07-2015-0085/full/html#b5" title="">Agrawal&nbsp;<em>et al.</em>, 2007</a>),&nbsp;anti-hypertensive (<a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/NFS-07-2015-0085/full/html#b33" title="">Quan&nbsp;<em>et al.</em>, 2008</a>)&nbsp;and renoprotective potential (<a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/NFS-07-2015-0085/full/html#b3" title="">Afifi, 2010</a>),&nbsp;and has been recommended to be consumed by children who are allergic to bovine milk (<a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/NFS-07-2015-0085/full/html#b16" title="">El-Agamy&nbsp;<em>et al.</em>, 2009</a>).&nbsp;It has also been reported to alleviate oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in rats (<a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/NFS-07-2015-0085/full/html#b6" title="">Al-Hashem, 2009</a>).</p> <p><a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/NFS-07-2015-0085/full/html">Original Article</a></p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>A distinctive feature of camel from any other domestic livestock species is that camel can produce more milk for a longer period of time in arid zones. The lactation period ranges from 12 to 18&thinsp;months [<a href="https://journalofethnicfoods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42779-019-0031-5#ref-CR3" id="ref-link-section-d58913e429" title="Kumar YK, Rakesh K, Lakshmi P, Jitendra S. Composition and medicinal properties of camel milk: a review. Asian J Dairy Food Res. 2015;34:83–91.">3</a>].</p> <p>&nbsp;According to journal of ethic foods</p> <p>Many studies reported that camel milk provides various potential health benefits including angiotension I-converting enzyme-inhibitory activity, hypocholesterolemic effect, hypoglycemic effect, and antimicrobial and hypoallergenicity effects [<a href="https://journalofethnicfoods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42779-019-0031-5#ref-CR4" id="ref-link-section-d58913e435" title="Al Haj OA, Al Kanhal HA. Compositional, technological and nutritional aspects of dromedary camel milk. Int Dairy J. 2010;20:811–21.">4</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://journalofethnicfoods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42779-019-0031-5#ref-CR5" id="ref-link-section-d58913e438" title="Asresie A, Yusuf M. Traditional consumption, therapeutic value and its derived dairy products of dromedary camel (Camelus Dromedaries) milk in Somali Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia. Adv Life Sci Technol. 2014;26:48–52.">5</a>]. As evaluation of the healing properties, several studies were conducted regarding the camel milk composition, physicochemical characteristics, functionality, microbiological quality, and prevalence of some bacterial pathogens [<a href="https://journalofethnicfoods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42779-019-0031-5#ref-CR6" id="ref-link-section-d58913e441" title="Khalil IE, Muhammad HA, Hana AA, Inteaz A, Taha R. Comparison and characterization of fat and protein composition for camel milk from eight Jordanian locations. Food Chem. 2011;127:282–9.">6</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://journalofethnicfoods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42779-019-0031-5#ref-CR7" id="ref-link-section-d58913e444" title="Hadef L, Aggad H, Hamad B, Saied M. Study of yield and composition of camel milk in Algeria. Sci Sdudy Res: Chem Chem Engin Biotech Food Ind. 2019;19:1–11.">7</a>]. It should be noted that fermentation of camel milk occurs naturally without prior heat treatment and without addition of starter cultures. Also, the absence of salmonella in raw camel milk presents a certain interest [<a href="https://journalofethnicfoods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42779-019-0031-5#ref-CR8" id="ref-link-section-d58913e447" title="Benkerroum N, Boughdadi A, Bennani N, Hidane K. Microbiological quality assessment of Moroccan camel’s milk and identification of predominating lactic acid bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2003;19:645–8.">8</a>].</p> <p>Uzbekistan is located in Central Asia. Over half of the Uzbek territory is covered by desert: the Kyzylkum, Ustyurt desert plateau, and Aralkum formed on the former bottom of the Aral Sea (Fig.&nbsp;<a href="https://journalofethnicfoods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42779-019-0031-5#Fig1">1</a>). Kyzylkum is a huge desert in Central Uzbekistan, which stretches between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya on the territory around 300,000&thinsp;km². Ustyurt desert is a plateau in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, located between Mangyshlak and the Bay of Kara-Bogaz-Gol in the west, the Aral Sea, and the Amu Darya delta in the east. The plateau occupies a total area of 200,000&thinsp;km²&nbsp;and presents a clayey and rock debris desert.</p> <p>The difficult climatic conditions in the arid areas have contributed to a special approach to diet and which have been established in many generations of locals. Along with livestock such as horses, cows, donkeys, goats, and lambs, camel is the animal to adapt the most to such conditions. A camel, which was born and raised in the desert, can significantly lose the weight of its body under the influence of the sun, but, unlike other animals, does not lose its good condition. It can replenish the supply of liquid by drinking up to 180 l of water in one time and continue to stay quietly under the sun. In this way, the camel restores its shape and again saturates the body with the necessary moisture.</p> <p>One of the first sources to describe products derived from camels was a &ldquo;Canon&rdquo;, which was written in 1012&ndash;1024 by Abu Ali Ibn Sina (Avicenna). Abu Ali Ibn Sina (980&ndash;1037) was the brilliant scientist of the Middle Ages. He was born on the territory of Uzbekistan, in the village of Afshona, near Bukhara. His legacy is 456 books; among them, 62 books were about medicine.</p> <p><a href="https://journalofethnicfoods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42779-019-0031-5">Original Article</a></p>

<p>Camels are kept in over a hundred countries, and from Mongolia to Morocco there are traditional sayings or practices in which the alleged healing properties of camel milk and milk products are shared and passed from generation to generation. But are the healing properties of camel milk all myth, or can they be proved and provide a bright future for camel dairying?</p> <p>According to New agriculturist</p> <p>&quot;I have studied camels in many countries,&quot; says Bernard Faye of the France-based research organisation CIRAD (Centre de coop&eacute;ration internationale en recherche agronomique pour le d&eacute;veloppement).&nbsp;</p> <p>&quot;From the Rift Valley of Africa to Central Asia you often hear it said that camel milk can cure; diabetes, tuberculosis, stomach ulcers, gastro-enteritis, cancer are all claimed to be cured.&quot; Not surprisingly, scientists have attempted to verify or disprove the claims. What they have found is that there appears to be some scientific basis for some of the claimed cures, but that the experimental design has not always been sound. Essentially, there are two ways to test the curative capacity of camel milk. First is to have a rigorous experimental procedure and, with humans, double blind trials. The second is to have more information on the constituents of camel milk, specifically the components which could be responsible for the claimed medical properties.</p> <h3>Characteristics of camel milk</h3> <p>Close analysis of camel milk does show some medicinal potential. The milk protein lactoferrin, which is present in large quantities in camel milk (ten times higher than in cow milk), does have some anti-viral and anti-bacterial properties. Fermented camel milk is high in lactic bacteria, which have been shown to be effective against pathogens including&nbsp;<em>Bacillus</em>,&nbsp;<em>Staphylococcus</em>,&nbsp;<em>Salmonella</em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>Escherichia</em>. And vitamin C content in camel milk is generally double that in cow&#39;s milk. In Russia, Kazakhstan and India there are many examples of camel milk - as much as a litre a day - being prescribed to hospital patients to aid recovery from tuberculosis, Crohn&#39;s disease and diabetes.</p> <p>A natural component of cow and human milk, lactoferrin is also found throughout the human body; it occurs in all secretions that bathe mucous membranes, such as saliva, tears, bronchial and nasal secretions, hepatic bile and pancreatic fluids. Exactly how lactoferrin functions is not entirely clear, but it is known to enhance the immune response, both directly and indirectly (passively,) in reaction to a wide range of immune challenges, and is an essential factor in the immune response in humans.</p> <p><a href="http://www.new-ag.info/en/focus/focusItem.php?a=1275">Original Article</a></p>