<p>Out of this estimated world population, 17 million are believed to be one-humped dromedary camels and 2 millions two-humped (Farah et al., 2004). The camel is multi-purpose animal with high productive potential</p> <p>According to;&nbsp;Camel-milk-Natural-medicine-Boon-to-dairy</p> <p>In the time of global warming, growing deserts and increasing scarcity of food and water, may make camel a potential candidate to overcome some of these problems. The camel is an excellent source of milk under these conditions. Indeed, countries like Afghanistan, Algeria, Ethiopia, Kenya, Iran host large populations of camel and therefore, its milk is an integral part of human diet. Most of the camels are kept by pastoralists in subsistence production systems. They are very reliable milk producers during dry seasons and drought years, especially during milk scarcity from cattle, sheep and goats. Camel milk is a valuable food with a long history of its use for thousands of years in many cultures. In many countries, camel milk is being given to babies suffering from malnutrition and thus has emerged as a new super food with miraculous health benefits. It may not be everybody&rsquo;s cup of tea, however switch over to camel&rsquo;s milk due to recent research on its therapeutic attributes, it could be a boon to alleviate lifestyle diseases. It is considered a very healthy drink</p> <p>due to low fat and cholesterol content in comparison to cow or goat milk. It also contains three times more Vitamin C and ten times higher iron content than cow milk</p> <p>Camel milk production perspective: The camel dairy farm located at National Research Centre for Camels (NRCC), Bikaner (Rajasthan), India produce sufficient quantity of camel milk on daily basis to meet the demand of diabetic patients of the region at subsidized price. Recently, the European Union has also allowed the import of camel milk from African and Asian countries in their region. The camel milk production has become a booming trade in the Middle Eastern countries. As camel milk has gained popularity globally, India is now warming up to the idea of camel milk production and consumption. The Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation&rsquo;s (GCMMF) Sarhad Dairy, based in Kutch, could begin camel milk production soon. This is the country&rsquo;s largest dairy cooperative, which markets milk and milk products under the Amul brand. Amul now plans to process and market camel milk in India.&nbsp;</p> <p>Till date, there are no microbiological standards for camel milk exist. Food safety and standards authority of India (FSSAI) is also yet to formulate standards for camel milk. The animal husbandry departments of Gujarat and Rajasthan, as well as NRCC, Bikaner, have approached FSSAI to formulate standards for camel milk since these two states have a significant camel&rsquo;s population. Camel milk is known to be closest to human milk and even can be easily digested by infant. Research studies around the world has also confirmed that camel&rsquo;s milk has better nutritional value as it exhibits many unique and amazing health promoting properties as compared to cow&#39;s milk</p> <p><a href="https://www.dairyfoods.com/ext/resources/White_Papers/Camel-milk-Natural-medicine-Boon-to-dairy-industry.pdf">Original Articl</a></p>

<p>Camels are multipurpose animals; they are used for milk, meat and hide supply, as well as for other purposes such as transport, entertainment, celebration and competition as in racing and beauty show. The camel is of significant socio-economic importance in many arid and semi-arid parts of the world and its milk constitutes an important component of human diets in these regions (Farah&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09712119.2017.1357562#">1986</a>).</p> <p>According to taylor&amp;francis online</p> <p>Camel milk is still the most important nutritional source for pastoralists in many African and Asian countries (Val&eacute;rie&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09712119.2017.1357562#">2007</a>). Camels produce more milk of high nutritional quality and for a longer period of time than other species in an environment that may be rightly termed as hostile in terms of extreme temperature, drought and lack of pasture (Yagil and Etzion&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09712119.2017.1357562#">1980</a>; Val&eacute;rie&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09712119.2017.1357562#">2007</a>).</p> <p>The milk has many properties that make it a very useful choice, as camel&rsquo;s milk is used in some parts of the world to cure certain diseases (Attia et al.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09712119.2017.1357562#">2001</a>). The medicinal property of camel milk was reported three decades back by Yagil (<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09712119.2017.1357562#">1982</a>). According to the author, camel milk contains protective proteins, which may have possible role for enhancing immune defence mechanism. Since then, significant numbers of studies have been conducted to determine the therapeutic properties of camel milk. Antibacterial and antiviral activities of the protective proteins of camel milk were studied by El-Agamy et al. (<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09712119.2017.1357562#">1992</a>). Camel milk has insulin-like activity, regulatory and immunomodulatory functions on &beta;-cells. It exhibits hypoglycaemic effect when given as an adjunctive therapy, which might be due to the presence of insulin/insulin-like protein in it, and possesses beneficial effect in the treatment of diabetic patients. Furthermore, camel milk has been used for the treatment of food allergies, Crohn&rsquo;s disease and autism (Shabo and Yagil&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09712119.2017.1357562#">2005</a>).</p> <p>Camel meat is a significant source of animal protein in many African and Asian countries, especially in areas where the climate adversely affects the production efficiency of other animals. The culinary and cooking practices, as well as the palate for meat, in several African and Arabian countries have evolved to prefer camel meat to other meat animal species because of beliefs in medicinal benefits, its availability and/or affordable price (Bekhit and Farouk&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09712119.2017.1357562#">2013</a>). Camel meat is healthier because the carcass contains less fat and has lower levels of cholesterol in the fat than other meat animals. Camel meat is also relatively high in polyunsaturated fatty acid in comparison to beef (Dawood and Alkanhal&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09712119.2017.1357562#">1995</a>; Al-Ani&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09712119.2017.1357562#">2004</a>). This is an important factor in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is related to saturated fat consumption. Camel meat is also used for remedial purposes for diseases such as hyperacidity, hypertension, pneumonia and respiratory disease, and as an aphrodisiac (Kurtu&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09712119.2017.1357562#">2004</a>). Very recently, Kula (<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09712119.2017.1357562#">2016</a>) reviewed the medicinal values of camel milk. We gathered and compiled the literatures up to date to overview the compositions and medicinal values of camel milk and meat.</p> <p><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09712119.2017.1357562">Original Article</a></p>

<p>Milk is an important food for children. Camel milk has been used for centuries as a medicinal drink in Middle Eastern, Asian, and African cultures (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700900/#b1-epj-07-1523">1</a>&ndash;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700900/#b3-epj-07-1523">3</a>). Camel milk products in the world are popular due to increasing demand and are typically available in pharmacies (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700900/#b4-epj-07-1523">4</a>).&nbsp;</p> <p>According to NCBI</p> <p>This systematic review has been conducted to evaluate the nutritional value and medicinal properties of camel milk in children, based on historical and clinical evidences. Camel milk has been used for centuries in Middle Eastern societies, and its many medicinal benefits need to be established by conventional medicine. The camel is an animal that has been integrated into daily life of many societies in the pre-modern world and is still greatly respected in the cultures of these societies. Thus, traditional medicine books and documents provide many quotes about the camel&rsquo;s mild benefits and nutritional values. Avicenna stated therapeutic effects for camel milk in spleen, kidney, liver, cancer, and children diseases have been reported (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700900/#b8-epj-07-1523">8</a>). Thus, in this comparative review, we aim to investigate the issues discussed with referring to the conventional medicine evidence. According to traditional Iranian medicine (TIM), the composition of camel milk is closer to human milk and of high nutritional value and therapeutic effects (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700900/#b5-epj-07-1523">5</a>&ndash;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700900/#b7-epj-07-1523">7</a>). Subsequently, the main aim of this research is to understand the various diseases that might be alleviated or prevented with camel milk and relating them to the biochemical content of camel milk and discussing the causality of these benefits based on traditional resources and conventional medicine research. Besides, we aim to evaluate camel milk in the cases or conditions for treatment of disease.</p> <p>In this review, the databases, including PubMed, Scopus, SID, Iranmedex, and Google Scholar, have been searched using the search strategy of: &ldquo;(camel AND milk) AND (autism OR food allergy OR milk allergy OR children OR diarrhea)&rdquo; for randomized controlled clinical trials, systematic reviews and/or meta-analysis, case series, case reports, and animal studies, which have been published from 1980 to 2014. The abstract of national (Iranian) and international congresses/meetings proceedings (including Congress of Camel) and university dissertations were also explored. Materials were sorted according to indications and novelties. Out of the 472 searched articles, 35 related studies were chosen for final analysis based on the noted criteria (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700900/figure/f1-epj-07-1523/" target="figure">Figure 1</a>). Results were reviewed by two peer reviewers based on eligibility criteria. The third reviewer was asked if the agreement (Kappa coefficient) was less than 65%.</p> <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700900/">Original Article&nbsp;</a></p>

<p>Between April 2007 and February 2010, children with confirmed CMA seen at the Allergy-Immunology Clinic, Hamad Medical Corp</p> <p>According to National library of medicine</p> <p>were enrolled into this prospective cohort study. Subjects had a detailed history and medical examination, complete blood count with differential count, total serum IgE, and specific IgE test and SPT to cow&#39;s milk. Patients with positive SPT and an elevated cow&#39;s milk-specific IgE had negative SPT to camel&#39;s milk. Of 35 children (23 male and 12 female children) aged 4-126 months (median, 21 months), 23 patients (65.7%) presented with acute urticaria, 17 (48.6%) with atopic dermatitis, 9 (25.7%) with anaphylaxis, 8 (22.9%) with failure to thrive, and 5 (14.3%) with chronic vomiting. Twenty-eight patients (80%) had family history of allergy. Twenty-six patients (74.3%) were breast-fed for &le;18 months. Mean white blood cell count was 9860.5 cells/&mu;L, absolute eosinophil count was 1219 cells/&mu;L, IgE was 682 IU/mL, and cow&#39;s milk-specific IgE was 22.01 kU/L. Only 7 patients (20%) had positive SPT to camel&#39;s milk and 28 (80%) were negative to camel&#39;s milk. All patients with negative SPT took camel&#39;s milk without any reactions. In children with CMA, SPT is a reliable clinical test in ruling out reactivity to camel&#39;s milk so these children could safely take camel&#39;s milk as an alternative nutrient.</p> <p><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21703103/">Original Article</a></p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Due to the increase of global demand of camel milk, camel husbandry has now been extensively increased in various regions of the world particularly in Asia and Africa. Camel milk and its products such as laban, ice cream, and chocolates are currently available in the local markets of all over the gulf countries and now have almost started to supply globally</p> <p>According to NCBI</p> <p>Scientifically, it has been proved that camel milk ingredients are excellent for nutritional view point as it contains high proportion of anti-bacterial and anti-viral substances.<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref4">4</a>-<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref6" id="__tag_648020414">6</a>&nbsp;Camel milk ingredients such as lactoferrin, immunoglobulins, lysozyme, B Vitamins, Vitamin C, minerals, and iron have been studied for their medicinal properties in patients with different disorders ranging from diabetes to cancer.<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref2">2</a>-<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref13" id="__tag_648020413">13</a>&nbsp;It is much more nutritious than milk from cow, buffalo, sheep, etc., as it contains low levels of fat or lactose contents, and high levels of volatile acids, especially linoleic acids and polyunsaturated acids.<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref2">2</a>,<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref3">3</a>&nbsp;Not only have these, camel milk also contains high concentrations of potassium, magnesium, copper, sodium, zinc, iron, B Vitamins, Vitamin C, etc.<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref2">2</a>-<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref5" id="__tag_648020409">5</a>&nbsp;Regular drinking of camel milk makes immune system stronger as it contains series of protective proteins such as lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin A.<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref3">3</a>,<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref14" id="__tag_648020402">14</a>&nbsp;Camel milk lacks &beta;-casein and other major allergens, which are present in cow milk that might prevent children from allergic disorders.<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref3">3</a>,<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref11" id="__tag_648020410">11</a>&nbsp;Moreover, camel milk is an excellent source of &alpha;-hydroxy acids, which are very famous for treatment of skin disorders.<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref3">3</a>&nbsp;Importantly, &alpha;-hydroxy acids are also frequently used by cosmetic industries for manufacturing of their products for wrinkles treatment as well as for soften of skin, and for overall improvement of the skin quality.<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref15" id="__tag_648020401">15</a>&nbsp;Reports have shown that total protein contents including whey proteins in camel milk are significantly more than milk from other sources,<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref3">3</a>-<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref5" id="__tag_648020407">5</a>&nbsp;this might be the reason for its effect on reducing risk for the onset of disorders such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer.</p> <p>As a medicinal point of view, camel milk has mainly two active ingredients lactoferrin and immunoglobulins.<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref1" id="__tag_648374450">1</a>-<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref18">18</a>&nbsp;Number of studies on camel lactoferrin reported that it has anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor properties, etc.<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref2">2</a>,<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref3">3</a>&nbsp;More specifically, it inhibits growth of&nbsp;<em>Escherichia coli</em>,&nbsp;<em>Klebsiella pneumonia</em>,&nbsp;<em>Clostridium</em>,&nbsp;<em>Helicobacter pylori</em>,&nbsp;<em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>,&nbsp;<em>Candida albicans</em>, etc. Furthermore, camel lactoferrin also has anti-pathogenic activity against human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus-1 infection.<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref3">3</a>,<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref10" id="__tag_648020406">10</a>&nbsp;Not only have these, camel lactoferrin has immunomodulatory roles, as it modulates activation and maturation of various immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes.<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref2">2</a>,<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref3">3</a>&nbsp;Most importantly, lactoferrin is the main ingredient of camel milk, through which camel milk perform anti-pathogenic activity against proliferation of cancer cells; however, mechanisms behind remain to be investigated.<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref17" id="__tag_648020405">17</a>&nbsp;Recently, I along with some of my colleagues have investigated that camel lactoferrin has cartilage protective and anti-arthritic activity,<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref1" id="__tag_648374448">1</a>&nbsp;at it showed anti-inflammatory activity against interleukin-1&beta;-induced activation of human osteoarthritis chondrocytes through blocking of nuclear factor kappa B signaling events.<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref1" id="__tag_648374445">1</a>&nbsp;In the same study, we also have also shown that it inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production in stimulated human osteoarthritis chondrocytes.<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/#ref1" id="__tag_648374449">1</a>&nbsp;These novel actions of camel lactoferrin are of important to know the mechanisms behind its anti-inflammatory or anti-arthritic effects.</p> <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669503/">Original Article</a></p>

<p>Many studies have reported that camel milk has potential therapeutic properties such as antidiabetic, wound healing in diabetic patients, hepatitis C infection curing, treatment of autism, hypoallergenic effect, and antihypertensive.</p> <p>According to Scince Dirrect</p> <p>It has also been proven as a good alternative for people with cow milk allergy and as a therapeutic agent to reduce the harmful effects of exposure to toxins. Most of these properties are attributed to the unique characteristics of camel milk proteins, especially whey protein. Therefore in this chapter, the health-promoting activities of camel milk and their protein hydrolysates as well as their potential as an alternative for people with cow milk allergy was discussed.</p> <p><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012809762500036X">original Article</a></p>

<p>he camel is an important component of Indian fragile desert ecosystem, a proven icon of adaptation with its unique bio-physiological characteristics with formidable ways of living in harsh situations of arid and semi-arid regions.&nbsp;</p> <p>According to emerlad insight</p> <p>The proverbial&nbsp;<em>Ship of Desert</em>&nbsp;earned its epithet on account of its indispensability as a mode of transportation and draught ability in desert. However, its efficient utilities are subject to continuous social and economic changes. The camel has also played a significant role in civil law and order, defense and battles from the ancient times till date.</p> <p>The Food and Agriculture Organization (<a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/NFS-07-2015-0085/full/html#b20" title="">FAO, 2008</a>)&nbsp;estimates the total population of camels in the world today to be 22 million, of which 89 per cent are one-humped dromedary (<em>Camelus dromedarius</em>) camels and the remaining 11 per cent are the two-humped Bactrian (<em>Camelus bactrianus</em>) generally found in the cold deserts of Asia. In India, the total camels contribute around 0.08 per cent of the livestock population. The total population of camels in the country as per 2012 census is 0.4 million (<a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/NFS-07-2015-0085/full/html#b11" title="">DAHDF, 2014</a>).&nbsp;Camel population has decreased by 22.48 per cent over the previous census and is distributed mainly in Rajasthan, some parts of Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab and few in rest of the states. The camel has many unique qualities to survive and serve under harsh climate and utilize low-quality feed resources, which other species cannot consume. In fact, the camels are the lifeline of rural population in remote villages in the present era also. Traditionally, camel was mainly utilized as a draught animal in agricultural and transport works, but due to mechanization of farm operations and transportation, the use of this animal for this purpose has been reduced drastically. Therefore, to sustain the camel population in these areas, the camel husbandry practices are aimed toward promotion of camel as milch animal.</p> <p>Camel milk has an important role in human nutrition in the hot and arid regions of the world. This milk contains all the essential nutrients as found in other milk. Fresh and fermented camel milk has been used in different regions in the world including India, Russia and Sudan for human consumption and for treatment of a series of diseases such as dropsy, jaundice, tuberculosis, asthma and leishmaniasis or kala-azar (<a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/NFS-07-2015-0085/full/html#b1" title="">Abdelgadir&nbsp;<em>et al.</em>, 1998</a>).&nbsp;Recently, camel milk and its components were also reported to have other potential therapeutic properties such as anti-carcinogenic (<a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/NFS-07-2015-0085/full/html#b29" title="">Magjeed, 2005</a>;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/NFS-07-2015-0085/full/html#b21" title="">Habib&nbsp;<em>et al.</em>, 2013</a>),&nbsp;anti-diabetic (<a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/NFS-07-2015-0085/full/html#b5" title="">Agrawal&nbsp;<em>et al.</em>, 2007</a>),&nbsp;anti-hypertensive (<a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/NFS-07-2015-0085/full/html#b33" title="">Quan&nbsp;<em>et al.</em>, 2008</a>)&nbsp;and renoprotective potential (<a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/NFS-07-2015-0085/full/html#b3" title="">Afifi, 2010</a>),&nbsp;and has been recommended to be consumed by children who are allergic to bovine milk (<a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/NFS-07-2015-0085/full/html#b16" title="">El-Agamy&nbsp;<em>et al.</em>, 2009</a>).&nbsp;It has also been reported to alleviate oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in rats (<a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/NFS-07-2015-0085/full/html#b6" title="">Al-Hashem, 2009</a>).</p> <p><a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/NFS-07-2015-0085/full/html">Original Article</a></p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>A distinctive feature of camel from any other domestic livestock species is that camel can produce more milk for a longer period of time in arid zones. The lactation period ranges from 12 to 18&thinsp;months [<a href="https://journalofethnicfoods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42779-019-0031-5#ref-CR3" id="ref-link-section-d58913e429" title="Kumar YK, Rakesh K, Lakshmi P, Jitendra S. Composition and medicinal properties of camel milk: a review. Asian J Dairy Food Res. 2015;34:83–91.">3</a>].</p> <p>&nbsp;According to journal of ethic foods</p> <p>Many studies reported that camel milk provides various potential health benefits including angiotension I-converting enzyme-inhibitory activity, hypocholesterolemic effect, hypoglycemic effect, and antimicrobial and hypoallergenicity effects [<a href="https://journalofethnicfoods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42779-019-0031-5#ref-CR4" id="ref-link-section-d58913e435" title="Al Haj OA, Al Kanhal HA. Compositional, technological and nutritional aspects of dromedary camel milk. Int Dairy J. 2010;20:811–21.">4</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://journalofethnicfoods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42779-019-0031-5#ref-CR5" id="ref-link-section-d58913e438" title="Asresie A, Yusuf M. Traditional consumption, therapeutic value and its derived dairy products of dromedary camel (Camelus Dromedaries) milk in Somali Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia. Adv Life Sci Technol. 2014;26:48–52.">5</a>]. As evaluation of the healing properties, several studies were conducted regarding the camel milk composition, physicochemical characteristics, functionality, microbiological quality, and prevalence of some bacterial pathogens [<a href="https://journalofethnicfoods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42779-019-0031-5#ref-CR6" id="ref-link-section-d58913e441" title="Khalil IE, Muhammad HA, Hana AA, Inteaz A, Taha R. Comparison and characterization of fat and protein composition for camel milk from eight Jordanian locations. Food Chem. 2011;127:282–9.">6</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://journalofethnicfoods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42779-019-0031-5#ref-CR7" id="ref-link-section-d58913e444" title="Hadef L, Aggad H, Hamad B, Saied M. Study of yield and composition of camel milk in Algeria. Sci Sdudy Res: Chem Chem Engin Biotech Food Ind. 2019;19:1–11.">7</a>]. It should be noted that fermentation of camel milk occurs naturally without prior heat treatment and without addition of starter cultures. Also, the absence of salmonella in raw camel milk presents a certain interest [<a href="https://journalofethnicfoods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42779-019-0031-5#ref-CR8" id="ref-link-section-d58913e447" title="Benkerroum N, Boughdadi A, Bennani N, Hidane K. Microbiological quality assessment of Moroccan camel’s milk and identification of predominating lactic acid bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2003;19:645–8.">8</a>].</p> <p>Uzbekistan is located in Central Asia. Over half of the Uzbek territory is covered by desert: the Kyzylkum, Ustyurt desert plateau, and Aralkum formed on the former bottom of the Aral Sea (Fig.&nbsp;<a href="https://journalofethnicfoods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42779-019-0031-5#Fig1">1</a>). Kyzylkum is a huge desert in Central Uzbekistan, which stretches between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya on the territory around 300,000&thinsp;km². Ustyurt desert is a plateau in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, located between Mangyshlak and the Bay of Kara-Bogaz-Gol in the west, the Aral Sea, and the Amu Darya delta in the east. The plateau occupies a total area of 200,000&thinsp;km²&nbsp;and presents a clayey and rock debris desert.</p> <p>The difficult climatic conditions in the arid areas have contributed to a special approach to diet and which have been established in many generations of locals. Along with livestock such as horses, cows, donkeys, goats, and lambs, camel is the animal to adapt the most to such conditions. A camel, which was born and raised in the desert, can significantly lose the weight of its body under the influence of the sun, but, unlike other animals, does not lose its good condition. It can replenish the supply of liquid by drinking up to 180 l of water in one time and continue to stay quietly under the sun. In this way, the camel restores its shape and again saturates the body with the necessary moisture.</p> <p>One of the first sources to describe products derived from camels was a &ldquo;Canon&rdquo;, which was written in 1012&ndash;1024 by Abu Ali Ibn Sina (Avicenna). Abu Ali Ibn Sina (980&ndash;1037) was the brilliant scientist of the Middle Ages. He was born on the territory of Uzbekistan, in the village of Afshona, near Bukhara. His legacy is 456 books; among them, 62 books were about medicine.</p> <p><a href="https://journalofethnicfoods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42779-019-0031-5">Original Article</a></p>

<p>Camels are kept in over a hundred countries, and from Mongolia to Morocco there are traditional sayings or practices in which the alleged healing properties of camel milk and milk products are shared and passed from generation to generation. But are the healing properties of camel milk all myth, or can they be proved and provide a bright future for camel dairying?</p> <p>According to New agriculturist</p> <p>&quot;I have studied camels in many countries,&quot; says Bernard Faye of the France-based research organisation CIRAD (Centre de coop&eacute;ration internationale en recherche agronomique pour le d&eacute;veloppement).&nbsp;</p> <p>&quot;From the Rift Valley of Africa to Central Asia you often hear it said that camel milk can cure; diabetes, tuberculosis, stomach ulcers, gastro-enteritis, cancer are all claimed to be cured.&quot; Not surprisingly, scientists have attempted to verify or disprove the claims. What they have found is that there appears to be some scientific basis for some of the claimed cures, but that the experimental design has not always been sound. Essentially, there are two ways to test the curative capacity of camel milk. First is to have a rigorous experimental procedure and, with humans, double blind trials. The second is to have more information on the constituents of camel milk, specifically the components which could be responsible for the claimed medical properties.</p> <h3>Characteristics of camel milk</h3> <p>Close analysis of camel milk does show some medicinal potential. The milk protein lactoferrin, which is present in large quantities in camel milk (ten times higher than in cow milk), does have some anti-viral and anti-bacterial properties. Fermented camel milk is high in lactic bacteria, which have been shown to be effective against pathogens including&nbsp;<em>Bacillus</em>,&nbsp;<em>Staphylococcus</em>,&nbsp;<em>Salmonella</em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>Escherichia</em>. And vitamin C content in camel milk is generally double that in cow&#39;s milk. In Russia, Kazakhstan and India there are many examples of camel milk - as much as a litre a day - being prescribed to hospital patients to aid recovery from tuberculosis, Crohn&#39;s disease and diabetes.</p> <p>A natural component of cow and human milk, lactoferrin is also found throughout the human body; it occurs in all secretions that bathe mucous membranes, such as saliva, tears, bronchial and nasal secretions, hepatic bile and pancreatic fluids. Exactly how lactoferrin functions is not entirely clear, but it is known to enhance the immune response, both directly and indirectly (passively,) in reaction to a wide range of immune challenges, and is an essential factor in the immune response in humans.</p> <p><a href="http://www.new-ag.info/en/focus/focusItem.php?a=1275">Original Article</a></p>

<p>Dubai may be famous for serving one of the&nbsp;<a href="https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/united-arab-emirates/articles/7-of-the-most-jaw-droppingly-expensive-foods-in-dubai/">world&rsquo;s most expensive sundaes</a>, but in the city&rsquo;s oldest neighbourhood, a humble kiosk dishes up a sweet treat of a different kind. Overlooking Deira Old Souk abra station,</p> <p>According to culture trip</p> <p>where wooden water taxis ferry shoppers from the nearby gold and spice markets across the creek, Geewin Caf&eacute; sells a dozen flavours of ice cream made exclusively from camel&rsquo;s milk.</p> <p>The kiosk is one of a growing number of caf&eacute;s and restaurants across the city serving everything from camel&rsquo;s milk lattes and shakes to camel&rsquo;s milk chocolates and desserts. Popular Emirati restaurant Al Fanar in Festival City has baklava-flavoured ice cream made with camel&rsquo;s milk on the menu, while Majlis Caf&eacute; in the Dubai Mall is known for its frothy &lsquo;camelccino&rsquo;.</p> <h2>When did camel&rsquo;s milk become so popular in the UAE?</h2> <p>Known as the &lsquo;ship of the desert&rsquo;, the camel has a long history on the Arabian Peninsula. The one-humped dromedary camel was first domesticated in the region in 3000 BC, and its milk was a vital source of nutrition for Dubai&rsquo;s&nbsp;<a href="https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/united-arab-emirates/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-uaes-bedouin-people/">Bedouin tribes</a>.</p> <p>After the discovery of oil in the 1960s, the Emirate underwent rapid modernisation and urbanisation. The first dairy farms were founded in the 1980s, and unpasteurised milk straight from the camel was replaced with cartons of cow&rsquo;s milk from the supermarket.</p> <p>Commercial camel&rsquo;s milk production soon followed. In 2004, Al Ain Farms launched its Camelait brand; today, the company has 1,800 camels producing 3.65 million litres of milk a year. Meanwhile, the Camelicious dairy has seen its herd increase tenfold since 2006, with around 7,000 doe-eyed dromedaries now producing 5 million litres of milk annually.</p> <p>The UAE&rsquo;s dairies have since branched out with camel&rsquo;s milk products such as flavoured milks, ready-to-drink coffee and ice cream. But NOUQ, a camel&rsquo;s milk gelato brand launched by two French residents in 2017, is perhaps the industry&rsquo;s most exciting development. NOUQ has created nine flavours, including French vanilla, chocolate chip and mango, while their best-selling honey and saffron gelato taps into the popularity of the spice across the region in both savoury and sweet dishes.</p> <p><a href="https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/united-arab-emirates/articles/dessert-from-the-desert-how-ice-cream-is-making-camels-milk-cool-again-in-dubai/">Original Article</a></p>

<p>A flurry of research published recently by a number of academics across all manner of countries presents more evidence that camel&rsquo;s milk&nbsp;is an all-round superfood.</p> <p>According to&nbsp; dairy reporter.com</p> <p>The most recent of these, published this month in the Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture​ by researchers in Jordan, is said to be the first to look at the effect of camel milk on the development of colorectal cancer in a whole organism.</p> <p>Another, from the less camel-dense principality of Wales, learnt that camel milk reduces cell inflammation associated with diabetes. The nutrition value contained in camel milk&rsquo;s fat, with lots of vitamin C, iron, calcium, insulin and protein, helped reduce inflammation produced by the body&rsquo;s macrophage cells.</p> <p>And a recent review of medical literature by South Dakota State University, Brookings, declared that camel&rsquo;s milk &ldquo;solves the problems of autism in children, enhances the immunity of the body and fights the microbes that attack the human body because it contains many organic compounds and proteins. In addition, it is useful to cure hepatitis, addresses the allergy caused by some types of foods​</p> <p><a href="https://www.dairyreporter.com/Article/2019/06/19/Camel-s-milk-can-cure-mice-but-we-still-don-t-know-how-much-it-helps-humans?utm_source=copyright&amp;utm_medium=OnSite&amp;utm_campaign=copyright">Original Article</a></p>

<p>Dutch camel milk tastes about the same as cow&rsquo;s milk. Some people find that camel milk that tastes saltier and spicier than cow&rsquo;s milk</p> <p>According to Dutch oasis</p> <p>Cows and camels eat mostly grass. This grass largely determines the taste of the milk.</p> <p>According to the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), camel milk is one of the healthiest animal milks. Camel milk contains no beta-lactoglobulin, the protein that plays a major role in the development of cow&rsquo;s milk allergy.</p> <p><a href="https://www.oasismilk.com/fr/">Original Article</a></p>